90 years ago appeared on the world map of the USSR

90 years ago appeared on the world map of the USSR (Red Empire). December 29, 1922 at the conference of delegations from the four congresses of Soviets republics of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, was signed the Treaty establishing the USSR. December 30, 1922 it was approved by the First Congress of Soviets of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). So it was legally formalized the creation of the new state.



Union has not existed for 70 years and, on 8 December 1991, the officials and the heads of government of three Soviet republics: Boris Yeltsin and Gennady Burbulis (RSFSR), Stanislav Shushkevich and Vyacheslav Kebich (Belarus), Leonid Kravchuk and Witold Fokin (Ukraine), finally it destroyed by signing the so-called. Belovezhskoe Agreement (Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States). The document stated that "the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a subject of international law and a geopolitical reality ceases to exist." It was an unmitigated disaster, with consequences that affect our lives to date. In essence, the body of "Great Russia", was torn to pieces. Outside of the "Russia" were such its important holy cities as Polotsk, Brest, Minsk, Kiev, Chernigov, Poltava, Sevastopol, and many others. Single superethnos Russes was divided into three artificial parts, hundreds of thousands, millions of Rus and Russian-speaking people (people who became Russian in spirit, received the Russian language and Russian culture as their own) remained in the "independent" states. East and West were jubilant, their main geopolitical adversary on the planet almost killed himself. Tens of millions of people have been victims of a handful of traitors, predators dream "privatize" public property. Riotous color bloomed parochial Nazism in Russian written off all the possible and impossible sins. Direct and indirect methods of genocide - alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, crime and sexual revolution and the destruction of cultural, social and economic infrastructure, etc., were brought to the grave, millions of people, millions became the spiritual, intellectual and physical disabled. Unfortunately, the legal assessment of Gorbachev, Yeltsin and other criminals have not yet been given.



For two decades, the former Soviet Union do not actually appear independent, self-sufficient. We've only seen the degradation of national and political "elites". In virtually every public education has several clans of families who own the key sectors of the economy. Around these families thousands of the "elite" who are involved in political and economic activities, moving from post to post. As a result, instead of addressing the issues concerning the well-being of people who live in the territory of the former Soviet republics, there is only the process of placing on the playing field "families." Intraspecific competition flatly rejects any possibility of solving problems of national importance. A main objective of this level, which is currently before the peoples of Russian civilization - an association, reunion, the threat of extinction from the planet Earth. The current global systemic crisis is the fact that the blocks are formed, who will fight for the lead in the world to come and just survival - is the Islamic world (divided into three main centers of power - the Sunni Arab monarchies, Shia Iran and Turkey), India, China, Japan , Latin America and the West. Russia to become a center of power necessary to carry out the process of reunification, at least with Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan, and offer the world a new concept of development. This concept should be different from the west - the vampire, slave.

That is why most of the fragments of the USSR national are in constant crisis. They are artificial. The coming storm will destroy them. Some debris will be part of China, the "Great Caliphate" and will share further. For their current "elite" new integration - it's suicide, because they are anti-national in nature. You must always remember that the interests of ordinary citizens of Ukraine, Moldova and Tajikistan, differ radically from the motives of the "elite."

We must remember that the Soviet Union was a state that ahead of his time. This was the world's first socialist state in which such a system has been created, where each person had the opportunity to fully realize their potential, their intellectual, creative, physical abilities, and to accrue for reasonable needs. Unfortunately, only after the collapse of the Soviet Union, people began to realize that the West and East are not so good as it seemed, but in the Soviet Union was an opportunity for all (!) Get a free education, secondary and higher education, to become a scientist, get free sports, music education , to paint. A large percentage of people can get a free (!) Housing. Social lifts worked when people of modest, "workers 'and peasants' families could" come up in the world. " The system of secondary and higher education was one of the best in the world. Entire generations grew up in safety, as they are protected by the mighty Soviet army. There was no mass addiction besot media exposure, which breeds a generation of "new barbarians." Has grown whole group of young people who do not know any history of Russia-Russia, or classic literature, no painting and classical music, but the cynical and cruel, brought up on the western pseudoculture (their "heroes" degeneratki such as Madonna and Gaga.) Children in kindergarten get up in the "Spider-Man" and "Batman," and not Ilya Muromtsev and Vasilisa the Wise. We can say that the process of decomposition of youth successfully completed, the nation on the brink of death.

People stole faith in the future, confidence in the future. Obviously, this hope can only socialism. Capitalism - it's just a modern form of the slave system. Only the socialist system will help put the country in order to stop the chaos and lawlessness. It is clear that it was in the Soviet Union and the bad, but good, kind was much higher. Modern Russia is moving in the future is to take the best of what was the Soviet Union.

Historical information. Formation of the USSR

The collapse of the Russian Empire and the effects of the Civil War set for the winners to the establishment of a new unified administrative-territorial system. Required the centralization and unification of the economic complex of pre-revolutionary empire to restore the devastated economy. By that time, the share of the Russian Federation accounted for 92% of the country and its population was about 70% in the USSR created. The remaining 8% were from other Soviet republics, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian Federation (it joined in 1922, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan). Also still there Far Eastern Republic, managed from Chita and Khorezm and Bukhara People's Republic in Central Asia.

In June 1919, the Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine, in order to strengthen the centralization and concentration of resources to victory in the Civil War, joined the union. This made it possible to combine the armed forces, to introduce a centralized command - Commander of the Revolutionary Military Council of the RSFSR and the Red Army. From each of the republics of the public authorities have been delegated representatives. In addition, the agreement provided for a number of republican subordination of industry, transport and finance relevant national commissariat RSFSR. Was created so-called. "Contractual federation". Its feature was the fact that the Russian Federation authorities were able to act as the sole representative of the supreme power of the state. At the same time the Republican Communist Party entered the composition of the RCP (b) is actually a regional party organizations.

However, the collapse of the Russian Empire and the Civil War gave rise to strong separatist and centrifugal forces. This quickly led to differences between the control center in Moscow and the republican authorities. The benefit of a good prerequisite for conflict: the republic was officially independent, but de facto, having delegated his main powers, the republican authorities have been unable to make their own decisions. This situation and the uncertainty in determining the boundaries of powers between the center and the republics were grounds for confusion and conflict. Sometimes the conflict is and the center, to make decisions, not taking into account the local context. Often the solutions center in economy overlooked, in the republics, which led to their sabotage. Therefore, in August 1922, to change the situation radically, the Politburo and the Central Committee of the Organization Bureau of the RCP (b) raised the issue of "the relationship of the RSFSR and the independent republics." Established an ad hoc committee, which included representatives of the republic, led by Valerian Kuibyshev. This commission is mandated to draft Joseph Stalin "autonomy" republics. Supposed to include the RSFSR with the rights of autonomous republic Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. In fact, the republic had to enter in the USSR on the same rights as Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and other regions, which has been generally true, equating all people. The draft was circulated for approval by the republics, it was thought that this is just a formality. Stalin, given the significant curtailment of rights of the republics, suggested not to use the common practice of publication of the decision of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) if it is accepted. However, the Republican Central Committee demanded strictly implement the decision of Moscow.

Vladimir Lenin, took ignoring independence and self-government entities in the State, while strengthening the role of the center, as a violation of the principle of proletarian internationalism. In September 1922, he proposed a plan to create a single state on the principles of the federation. Initially it was proposed to name the new state "Union of Soviet Republics of Europe and Asia." According to Lenin, the multinational state had to build on the principle of equality and independence, neighborliness, parity, openness, respect and mutual assistance in the general government of the federation. Each republic had to make a conscious choice. Given the global and Russian situation, it was a set of good intentions that have nothing to do with the realities of life.

It should be noted that the national question under the rule of the Bolsheviks was greatly confused. Here conflicting interests statist and nationalist separatists, Trotskyites internationalists. National issue was in charge not only Commissar for Nationalities (they had Stalin), but also the national department of the Central Executive Committee. In fact, the legislative prerogative and right to determine the national borders belonged All. In spring 1918, the structure was adopted, in which different peoples have autonomy within Russia. The principles of the autonomy elaborated by Stalin, but he had a lot of time given to the war, and leaders of the All Burst Transfer. In fact, they acted in the interests of "financial International" (the world behind the scenes, whose protege was Trotsky and other prominent figures of the Bolshevik Party), encouraging nationalism at the expense of the Russian people and the Russian state. There were constant flirtations with various Caucasian, Crimean, Tatar, Bashkir and other nationalists. Thus, the pan-recognized allies against the Whites. They, like the "revolutionary Highlanders' transferred significant areas, settling and development of Russian. Stalin had to make a big effort to stop the most outspoken of the process leading to the collapse. In particular, in 1920, was crossed by the attempt to establish a separate "Muslim" Communist Party. The concept of "autonomy" was limited to internal self-government, administrative and cultural issues. The problem was with the republics that political considerations helped to keep the "independence."

Formed two main centers of separatism - Georgia and Ukraine. Thus, even while merging the Transcaucasian republics into one Transcaucasian Federation, the Georgian government took this decision with hostility. The leaders of the Georgian Communist Party - Mdivani, Makharadze, Svanidze and others have opposed the reunification process, put forward the idea of ​​building "their own", especially socialism. Another center of resistance was the Ukrainian leadership - Rakowski, Petrovsky, Antonov. Here the main cause of resistance was not even nationalism, and the desire of local leaders to rule themselves, for fun. Therefore, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan supported the project of Stalin, but Georgia and Ukraine were strongly opposed. And they do not even insist on a project of federation, which offered Lenin, and the confederation. General were to remain only defense and border protection (in fact Russia is offering to protect and defend the independence of the state).

He wrote that the idea of ​​"autonomy" of the breed "haste and administration passion Stalin and his spite against the notorious" social-nationalism. " Reasonable arguments about the restoration of a unified national economy, the equality of all peoples in a single state leader of the proletariat dismissed. For Lenin, the principal were plans for "world revolution." He still believed that socialism could only win in the world. Therefore, the new socialist republics were to get the opportunity to enter into an "alliance of equals", the idea of ​​entering the Russian Federation, they would hardly have liked. Stalin was forced to yield. Won up Lenin's formula: "a formal union with the USSR in the Union of Soviet Republics of Europe and Asia." This contradictory posing a great threat formula adopted by the plenary session of the Central Committee of October 6, 1922.

However, the controversy did not end on this. In Tiflis, this decision caused violent protests. Chairman of the Caucasian Bureau of the PKK (b) Ordzhonikidze was forced to party discipline for insubordination remove offenders from their posts, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia in full was dismissed. Moscow has become swamped with complaints on him. Add and scandal Kabahidze who accused Ordzhonikidze in corruption and got in the face. To investigate the conflict in Moscow set up a commission headed by F. Dzerzhinsky. It is no crime and was not found on the side of Ordzhonikidze. The Georgian leadership has been subjected to harsh criticism.

Lenin tried again to side spoilers to punish "the perpetrators of the collision," to eliminate the possibility of infringement of the independence of the republics. However, progressive disease did not allow him to do so. In the night of 16 December, Lenin was a second stroke. It became apparent that the role of a full-fledged leader, he lost. December 30th I opened the Congress of Soviets, which adopted the Declaration on the Establishment of the USSR, signed a treaty of alliance. Stalin declared: "Today is a day of celebration of the new Russia ... turned the red flag of the flag of the party in the flag state ...". The Union entered Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Transcaucasian Federation. The contracts were the responsibilities of the central and republican authorities. Entrusts the center of foreign policy and trade, national security, transportation, communications and finance. All other issues are under authority of the national government. The supreme body of the Union was proclaimed All-Union Congress of Soviets. In the period between congresses, the supreme power belonged to the USSR Central Committee, which was established two chambers - the Federal Council and the Council of Nationalities. CEC Chairman elected Kalinin, co were GI Petrovskii, NN Narimanov, AG worm. Chief Executive - the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was Lenin.

Establishment of the Union has allowed to accumulate and concentrate all resources to eliminate the consequences of the civil war. This has contributed to the development of culture and the economy, has allowed to allocate funds to the most affected areas and least developed regions. Centre trying to evenly develop the republic, so the territory of the Russian Federation in the republics of Central Asia and the Caucasus have been moved some of their production to the provision of highly skilled labor force. Construction of the USSR on the basis of common standards for a positive impact on development in the Republic of areas of life, such as culture, education and health. In the 1920-1930-s everywhere to build schools, health centers, open theaters, other cultural and art, developed media and literature.